(Dttr  Jlktrical  l^orfe  m Cfnna 

By  I)R.  EM  I LIE  BRETT  HA  11  Ell 


Hospital  at  Kityang 


MEDICAL  WORK  IN  CHINA. 
By  Dr.  Emilie  Bretthauer. 


[Note. — Dr.  Bretthauer  wrote  the  following  sketch  from  her  experience  in  the  Han- 
yang Hospital,  Central  China,  but  the  conditions  which  it  describes  are  so  charcteristic 
of  China  in  general  that  it  may  well  stand  as  an  introduction  to  our  medical  work  in 
China.] 


Perhaps  we  shall  be  asked  at  the  start,  “ Why  do  medical  work  in  China  at  all?” 
In  answer  to  such  a question,  we  should  reply  that  there  are  many  reasons,  but  that, 
first  of  all,  there  is  the  Master’s  own  example.  He  preached;  He  healed.  Some,  like 
blind  Bartimaeus,  He  healed  after  they  had  first  believed;  but  there  were  others,  like 
the  impotent  man  at  the  pool  of  Bethesda,  whom  Jesus  healed  before  they  so  much  as 
knew  the  name  of  their  benefactor.  Some  of  those  whom  Jesus  healed,  like  the  nine 
lepers,  never  even  came  back  to  say  “Thank  you.”  So  it  was  not  always  with  the  idea 
of  making  converts  that  Jesus  healed  the  sick,  but  out  of  His  love  for  suffering  humanity. 
His  disciples  Jesus  sent  to  follow  in  His  steps — “to  preach  the  kingdom  of  God  and  to 
heal  the  sick.”  Thus  missions  and  medicine  are  vitally  related  in  the  plans  and  purposes 
of  world  evangelization. 

The  knowledge  of  medicine  gives  the  opportunity  for  presenting  the  gospel.  It  is 
not  always  easy  to  bring  people  under  the  influence  of  the  gospel  message,  especially  a 
people  like  the  Chinese,  who  for  ages  long  have  thought  that  everything  worth  having 
was  right  in  China.  True,  their  religions  do  not  satisfy  them,  but  how  is  one  to  prove 
to  them  that  there  is  anything  better?  Was  there  not  a time  when  one  of  the  Chinese 
Emperors  whose  soul  was  not  satisfied  with  the  Chinese  religion  (Confucianism  and 
Taoism),  and  who  had  heard  that  India  had  perhaps  a better  religion,  sent  his  emissaries 
to  investigate?  What  did  they  bring  back  to  China  with  them?  Buddhism  with  its  host 
of  idols — and  who  can  estimate  the  harm  done  China  by  Buddhism!  Sometimes  China 
is  spoken  of  as  a land  of  idol  worship,  but  one  must  not  forget  that  there  were  no  idols 
in  China  until  they  were  brought  into  the  country.  So  if  a new  religion  is  to  be 
introduced  into  China,  proof  must  be  given  to  the  people  that  it  is  not  going  to  do  harm 
like  Buddhism,  but  that  it  is  going  to  do  China  good.  It  is  just  here  that  medical  work 


is  such  a powerful  breaker  down  of  prejudice.  For  even  though  a father  may  mistrust 
the  religion  of  the  foreigner,  he  will  bring  his  sick  child  to  the  foreign  doctor.  The 
husband  will  bring  his  sick  wife,  yes,  even  a thousand  Chinese  miles,  in  the  hope  that 
the  doctor  may  heal  her.  Then,  when  they  remain  with  us  for  a little  while  and  learn 
to  trust  us,  we  can  tell  them  about  Jesus  and  they  will  listen  willingly.  One  evening 
at  the  close  of  our  prayer-meeting  in  the  Hanyang  chapel  a man  who  had  never  been 
there  before  came  over  to  me  and  said,  “Doctor,  I have  come  to  investigate  your  religion. 
Nothing  was  farther  from  my  mind  when  a short  time  ago  I brought  my  sick  wife  to 
the  hospital.  You  are  all  so  kind  to  her  there,  even  though  she  is  an  entire  stranger 
to  you.  She  tells  me  that  in  your  prayers  to  the  true  God  you  mention  her  name  and 
in  many  ways  show  your  love  for  her.”  When  this  man  had  learned  more  about  Jesus, 
he  accepted  Him  as  his  Saviour  and  together  with  his  wife  is  journeying  on  to  heaven. 

The  great  need  of  the  suffering  women  and  children  is  another  thing  which  earnestly 
calls  upon  us  to  carry  on  medical  work.  In  America  there  is  much  sickness;  one  has 
only  to  go  to  one  of  the  large  hospitals  in  any  of  our  cities  to  realize  that.  Now,  if  this 
is  so  in  our  country,  where  so  much  is  done  to  prevent  and  cure  disease  and  alleviate 
suffering,  can  you  imagine  what  the  conditions  must  be  in  a country  like  China?  Tn 
China  we  find  all  the  diseases  that  there  are  in  America,  but  in  a much  more  aggravated 
form.  Added  to  the  list  with  which  we  are  familiar  there  are  also  many  diseases 
ordinarily  not  found  in  America,  such  as  typhus-fever,  dengue,  kala-azar,  beri-beri, 
leprosy,  plague  and  cholera.  Tumors  of  all  kinds  are  plentiful.  Accidents  are  of 
frequent  occurrence.  When  we  consider  all  the  suffering  brought  on  by  these  conditions 
we  see  that  the  need  is  simply  appalling. 

A great  deal  of  suffering  is  also  brought  on  by  the  ignorance  of  the  native  doctors. 
While  we  admit  that  the  Chinese  have  systems  of  medicine  and  surgery,  one  only  needs 
to  take  one  look  at  them  to  see  that  they  are  wholly  inadequate.  In  the  Chinese  medical 
books  we  read  that  the  body  is  composed  of  gold,  wood,  water,  fire,  and  earth.  These 
five  elements  must  be  in  proper  proportions.  If  anyone  gets  sick  it  is  because  one  of  the 
elements  exists  in  too  great  proportions.  How  their  doctors  are  going  to  find  out  which 
one  is  out  of  proportion  one  would  very  much  like  to  know.  Scientific  medicine  is  not 
a thing  that  is  native  to  China.  We  need  not  wonder  if  the  native  doctors  are  not  able 
to  cope  with  the  situation,  for  their  system  of  medicine  is  old.  very  old.  In  reading 
over  the  text-book  of  medicine  which  the  more  intelligent  of  the  native  doctors  use,  we 


find  that  the  book  was  printed  900  years  ago.  It  was  revised  149  years  ago.  It  contains 
many  prescriptions  just  as  they  were  used  3,000  years  ago.  In  practice  we  find  the 
native  doctors  using  all  sorts  of  nauseating  things,  bones  of  birds:  bones,  horns  and 
teeth  of  animals ; skins  of  the  elephant ; snakes,  tortoises,  scorpions,  centipedes ; snails 
and  other  things  too  disgusting  to  mention,  are  all  made  into  medicine.  In  Central 
China  there  are  not  many  tigers,  but  one  was  killed  not  so  very  long  ago  and  brought 
to  Hankow.  The  owner  of  the  carcass  made  a great  deal  of  money  out  of  it.  It  cer- 
tainly was  a sight  to  see  all  the  men  flock  to  the  place  to  buy  a little  piece  of  the  flesh 

or  bones  in  order  to  make  medicine  out  of  it. 

In  surgery  there  is  usually  positive  harm  done.  If  there  is  an  abscess  deep  down 
somewhere  and  the  pus  has  burrowed  its  way  out  to  the  skin,  the  opening  is  immediately 
closed  by  a plaster,  thus  preventing  a cure.  This  we  see  every  day.  I had  been  in 
China  but  a short  time  when  I had  my  introduction  to  another  method  of  surgery — 
the  burning  of  the  skin  at  different  places  with  a glowing  pith  lampwick.  The  child,  a 
baby  still  in  arms,  had  had  convulsions,  and  the  parents  called  in  the  native  surgeon 
to  do  his  work.  Subsequently  they  brought  the  little  patient  to  us.  A few  doses  of 
quinine  and  he  was  rid  of  his  convulsions;  but  the  ulcers,  which  formed  wherever  the 
skin  had  been  burned,  took  several  months  to  heal. 

Another  thing  that  causes  much  suffering,  and  even  death,  is  the  puncturing  of 
diseased  parts  by  the  “needle.”  This  instrument  of  torture  resembles  an  ordinary 
steel  knitting  needle.  Sometimes  it  is  heated  just  before  being  plunged  into  the  part, 
and  then  it  is  not  nearly  so  deadly,  though  if  it  penetrates  a vital  part  or  a blood  vessel 
certain  death  ensues.  Whether  hot  or  cold,  of  course  it  is  used  without  any  anaes- 
thetic. One  cannot  be  in  China  for  even  a few  days  without  seeing  the  evil  effects 

of  this  dread  instrument.  The  proper  practice  of  surgery,  with  all  its  important  asepsis 
and  antisepsis,  remains  for  us  to  give  the  Chinese. 

Another  need  that  calls  to  us  is  the  lack  of  nurses.  Of  nursing  the  Chinese  know 
nothing.  We  were  called  to  see  a woman  very  sick  with  typhoid  fever.  We  found  her 
in  a semi-conscious  condition,  sitting  in  a chair,  and  a relative  trying  to  feed  her  rice, 
vegetables  and  meat.  Another  time  we  were  called  to  a child  with  smallpox.  The 
mother  held  the  child,  whose  body  was  entirely  covered  by  smallpox  pustules,  in  her  arms. 
The  other  seven  children  were  running  back  and  forth  to  her.  When  it  was  time  to  get 
dinner  she  put  the  child  into  the  cradle  and  prepared  the  meal.  We  find  the  same  with 


measles,  chicken-pox,  scarlet  fever,  diphtheria,  consumption ; in  fact,  all  the  contagious 
diseases.  No  attempt  is  made  to  isolate  these  diseases.  It  is  not  that  they  do  not  care,  but 
they  do  not  know.  In  the  dispensary  a mother  brought  her  baby  for  diarrhoea;  while  she 
was  telling  us  about  him  he  was  munching  peanuts.  When  anyone  is  taken  sick  no  one 
would  think  of  getting  a nurse;  in  fact,  outside  of  foreign  hospitals  nurses  are  unknown. 

Another  urgent  call  comes  to  us  through  the  ignorance  of  native  midwives.  Oh, 
the  agony  which  the  poor  women  suffer  in  childbirth ! The  care  of  woman  in  her  hour 
of  greatest  need  is  entirely  in  the  hands  of  native  midwives — and  they?  Oh,  how  ignorant 
they  are!  When  we  are  called  to  one  of  these  women  our  usual  experience  is  that  four  or 
five  midwives  have  already  had  their  turn.  So  not  only  is  it  for  us  to  do  for  the  patient 
what  Nature  was  unable  to  do,  but  we  must  also  try  to  counteract  what  these  midwives,  in 
their  ignorance,  have  brought  about.  Need  I tell  you  that  many  of  the  women  die 
undelivered?  The  need  for  doctors  is  great! 

The  superstition  of  the  people  is  another  thing  which  shows  the  need  for  medical 
mission  work.  The  people  believe  that  disease  is  brought  on  by  evil  spirits,  and  conse- 
quently when  anyone  gets  sick  the  priest  is  called  in  to  drive  away  the  evil  spirit.  So 
not  only  does  the  patient  suffer  from  her  disease,  from  having  quarts  of  nauseating 
mixture  poured  down  her  throat,  from  the  lack  of  being  properly  nursed,  but  her  poor 
body  is  also  racked  by  the  awful  din  of  the  drums  and  cymbals  of  the  priests.  In  their 
superstition  the  people  feel  the  dread  of  the  power  of  the  evil  spirits.  In  our  medical 
mission  work  they  feel  the  love  of  God.  Oh,  how  the  women  and  children  need  Christian 
doctors  and  Christian  nurses  to  love  them  and  care  for  them! 

In  our  work  evangelisation  and  doctoring  go  hand  in  hand  in  all  departments.  The 
work  is  divided  into  three  departments:  Out-Patient,  In-Patient  and  Nurses’  Training 
School.  The  Out-Patient  Department  includes  the  work  in  the  dispensary,  in  the  office, 
and  professional  visits  to  the  homes  of  the  natives. 

In  the  dispensary  a good  many  women  receive  their  introduction  to  Christianity. 
A Chinese  woman  rarely  comes  alone ; a relative  or  two,  or  even  three,  must  come  along 
to  see  what  is  going  on,  so  it  does  not  take  long  before  there  is  a whole  room  full  of 
women  who  are  listening  to  the  gospel  message.  Some  of  them  come  a long  time  before 
dispensary  hours,  even  so  much  as  four  hours  before.  During  the  time  of  waiting  the 
Bible  woman  speaks  personally  to  each  patient  as  she  comes  in,  and  when  they  are  all 
gathered  together  she  preaches  to  them  until  the  arrival  of  the  doctor.  The  doctor 


with  the  native  nurses  then  sees  to  the  physical  wants  of  the  patients.  She  sees  each 
patient  herself  and  speaks  words  of  consolation  or  cheer  as  well  as  prescribes  medicine. 
A large  number  of  the  patients  in  the  dispensary  are  of  the  poorer  classes,  some  even 
of  the  beggars  from  the  street. 

As  the  more  well-to-do  Chinese  women  do  not  care  to  mix  with  the  poorer  classes, 
we  have  arranged  for  them  to  come  to  the  doctor’s  office,  paying,  of  course,  a larger  fee. 
These  patients  are  received  by  a tactful  native  nurse,  and  over  the  inevitable  cup  of  tea 
their  minds  are  led  from  the  usual  polite  talk  to  that  which  is  nearest  and  dearest  to  our 
hearts.  While  they  tell  us  of  their  ills,  we  tell  them  of  Him  who  is  able  to  save  the 
soul  as  well  as  to  heal  the  body. 

As  to  the  calls  at  the  homes,  these  include  all  classes,  from  those  of  the  very  poorest 
to  those  of  the  highest  officials.  Here  is  an  unusual  opportunity  for  telling  of  Jesus. 
As  soon  as  the  doctor  and  native  nurses  enter  the  house,  if  it  is  of  a poor  woman,  say 
a hut,  all  the  women  of  the  neighboring  huts  come  crowding  in,  so  there  is  soon  an 
audience  as  large  as  one  cares  to  have.  These  people  are  good  listeners,  too.  The  most 
of  these  calls  are  to  women  who  are  in  the  throes  of  childbirth,  women  who  have  been 
in  labor  for  several  days.  The  native  midwives  have  done  their  best — we  should  say 
their  worst — the  native  doctor,  too,  has  prescribed,  although  of  course  not  seen  the 
woman ; yet  the  baby  remains  unborn.  Then  the  doctor  and  her  assistant,  with  the 
help  of  God,  gives  the  family  a living  child  ; or,  if  called  too  late  for  that,  at  least  saves 
the  life  of  the  woman.  Who  would  not  listen  under  such  circumstances?  The  doctor 
is  the  talk  of  the  neighborhood  for  days,  and  out  from  among  these  women  there  are 
always  some  who  come  to  the  regular  services  at  the  church. 

If  we  are  called  to  the  home  of  one  of  the  better  class  of  women  we  esteem  it  an 
even  greater  privilege,  for  while  the  women  of  the  neighborhood  cannot  crowd  in,  the 
households  are  often  very  large.  We  attended  a child  of  a very  high  official  and  were 
called  a number  of  times.  During  the  first  few  visits  all  the  relatives  who  lived  in  the 
house,  and  they  were  many,  came  in  to  see  us.  In  the  course  of  subsequent  visits  a 
great  many  relatives  from  other  parts  of  the  city,  and  some  even  from  neighboring  cities, 
took  the  journey  just  to  see  what  the  doctor  was  doing.  We  think  it  well  worth  while 
to  tell  these  people  of  Him  who  died  for  them. 

In  the  hospital  women  and  children  are  brought  under  the  influence  of  the  gospel 
for  a much  longer  period,  some  even  for  months.  It  is  our  special  opportunity  for  the 


Dr.  Bretthauer  and  Convalescing  Patients 


children.  When  we  think  of  how  closely  the  life  of  a Chinese  child  is  connected  with 
idol  worship,  one  can  readily  see  what  an  impression  it  must  make  on  the  receptive 
child  mind  to  live  in  a place  where  there  are  no  idols — where  no  one  frightens  him  with 
gruesome  idol  stories,  but  where  everyone  is  kind  and  loving  to  him.  Children  so  soon 
know  when  they  are  loved,  and  are  willing  to  be  taught.  It  is  a real  joy  to  go  into  the 
ward  and  listen  to  the  children  sing  gospel  songs  and  recite  Scripture  verses.  Oh,  it 
pays  to  teach  the  children  about  Jesus!  When  they  are  first  brought  to  us  some  of  the 
children  are  afraid  to  stay  with  us,  but  they  soon  get  over  their  fear,  and  then  they  do 
not  want  to  leave  us.  There  was  little  Joe,  for  instance.  He  came  to  us  at  two  years 
of  age,  not  yet  able  to  walk  or  talk.  He  learned  to  do  both  while  with  us.  He  had 
some  very'  bad  ulcers  which  took  about  three  months  to  heal.  The  day  came  when  he 
was  all  well  and  his  father  came  to  take  him  home — but  Joe  was  nowhere  to  be  found! 
The  frightened  nurses  said  that  Joe  had  been  in  the  ward  five  minutes  before  the  father 
came.  The  door-keeper  said  that  Joe  had  not  left  the  hospital  by  the  front  door.  In 
the  kitchen  and  the  laundry  no  one  had  seen  the  youngster.  The  nurses  were  getting 
frantic  in  their  search,  when  there,  all  cuddled  up  on  the  pantry  shelf,  was  our  little  Joe. 
He  had  pulled  all  the  bowls  in  front  of  him  so  that  no  one  should  suspect  his  hiding 
place!  A little  girl  of  twelve  whose  leg  we  had  to  amputate  kept  pulling  off  her  bandages. 
We  explained  to  her  that  if  she  pulled  off  the  bandages  her  leg  would  never  get  well. 
Still  off  they  came.  After  a while  the  little  girl  said,  “I  pull  the  bandages  off  because 
I do  not  want  to  have  my  leg  get  well,  for  when  I am  well  I must  leave  here,  and  I want 
to  stay  in  the  hospital  all  the  time.”  These  little  ones  do  not  forget  what  they  learn 
in  the  hospital.  We  were  in  the  ward  one  day  talking  to  a little  boy  of  ten  who  was 
cured  and  ready  to  go  home.  We  told  him  always  to  remember  Jesus.  In  the  presence 
of  the  ward  full  of  people  he  said,  “I  know  that  it  was  the  true  God  who  made  me  well, 
For  two  years  we  all  prayed  to  the  idols  and  gave  them  much  money  to  make  me  well, 
but  they  did  not  hear  us.  Here  in  the  hospital  someone  has  prayed  to  the  true  God  for 
me  every  day,  and  He  has  made  me  well.  I know  that  God  loves  me.”  This  child’s 
mother  bitterly  opposed  his  coming  to  the  foreigners  and  yielded  only  when  she  saw 
that  her  boy  was  about  to  depart  for  another  world.  Since  then  his  mother  and  we 
have  become  good  friends. 

“Hope”  is  another  little  child  who  comes  to  my  mind  at  this  time.  He  was  left 
motherless  at  one  year.  When  he  was  four  his  father  brought  him  to  us  with  extensive 


sores.  Hope  was  like  other  children,  hut  differed  greatly  in  one  respect,  and  that  was 
that  he  did  not  know  how  to  laugh.  His  father  told  us  that  the  boy  had  not  laughed 
once  in  the  four  years  of  his  life.  Poor  little  fellow,  how  he  did  make  our  hearts  ache! 
Such  a melancholy  little  face  and  only  four  years  old!  Of  course  everybody  tried  to 
make  him  laugh,  but  it  was  slow  work  teaching  him.  Finally,  after  some  weeks  of 
patient  effort,  we  were  rewarded  by  his  first  “ha-ha.”  After  that  he  became  one  of  our 
happiest  little  patients. 

Little  Pearl  was  one  of  the  dearest  little  girls  that  anyone  could  wish  to  see.  She 
was  very  sick  with  typhoid  fever.  When  she  was  well  enough  we  gave  her  a little  doll 
with  which  to  play.  Pearl  had  never  seen  a doll  before  and  did  not  know  what  to  do 
with  it,  so  we  showed  her  how  to  play  with  it  and  she  soon  learned  to  love  “Dollie.” 

Do  you  remember  Chii?  She  was  a poor  little  blind  girl  who  was  put  out  into  the 
street  to  beg.  When  the  cold  winter  came  her  feet  became  frost-bitten  and  shortly  after 
actually  rotten,  so  that  to  save  her  life  we  had  to  amputate  both  legs.  While  with  us 
she  learned  to  sing  hymns  and  recite  Scripture  verses.  All  day  long,  except  while  eating, 
this  child  would  sing  so  happily,  “Jesus  Loves  Me.”  When  she  was  well  we  succeeded 
in  getting  her  into  a blind  school,  and  only  a short  time  ago  we  had  a letter  from  her 
telling  how  happy  she  was  in  Jesus. 

Saddest  of  all  child  life  in  China  is  that  of  the  slave  girls,  some  of  whom  we  always 
have  with  us.  At  another  time  perhaps  we  can  tell  you  something  about  them. 

There  is  so  much  that  is  interesting  to  tell  about  the  children,  but  we  must  hasten 
on,  for  the  hospital  is  also  the  place  to  give  the  gospel  to  the  women  and  to  relieve  them 
of  their  pains.  At  first  when  the  women  come  into  the  hospital  a good  many  of  them 
are  blankly  amazed  when  we  tell  them  of  Jesus.  Such  phrases  as  “the  forgiveness 
of  sin,”  “eternal  salvation,”  “joy  in  the  Saviour,”  “God  is  love,”  are  not  in  their 
vocabulary,  and  we  must  teach  them  in  the  most  simple  way.  But  when  the  light  dawns 
what  a joy  is  theirs!  I shall  never  forget  the  tears  of  joy  which  Mrs.  Li  wept.  A year 
before  she  came  to  us  she  was  taken  with  a severe  attack  of  smallpox.  In  the  course 
of  time  she  recovered,  but  oh,  poor  woman!  her  elbow  joints  had  grown  stiff  so  that 
both  arms  were  stretched  out  and  could  not  be  bent ! Then  her  husband  did  not  want 
her  any  more  and  left  her.  She  did  not  blame  him.  “For,”  she  said,  “of  what  use  was 
I to  him?”  We  operated  and  gave  her  relief.  It  was  at  first  difficult  for  her  to  under- 
stand how  God  would  love  her  when  she  had  nothing  to  give  Him.  But  after  she  was 


with  us  a while  it  became  clear  to  her.  “It  is  just  the  same  as  with  the  doctor,”  she  said. 
“She  has  shown  her  love  for  me  when  she  knew  I had  nothing  to  give  in  return.” 

Mrs.  Tsen  was  brought  on  a bamboo  couch  from  one  of  the  neighboring  cities. 
“Nothing  is  the  matter  with  me,”  she  said,  “only  I cannot  walk.  I have  taken  a great 
deal  of  Chinese  medicine  but  it  did  not  help  me  any.”  On  examination  we  found  that 
she  had  broken  both  bones  in  her  leg — quite  sufficient  to  prevent  her  walking. 

Then  there  was  Mrs.  Wong,  a young  woman  of  thirty,  who  had  developed  cataracts 
on  both  eyes  so  that  she  was  totally  blind.  After  we  removed  the  cataracts  she  was  a 
happy  woman  indeed,  and  her  husband  was  even  happier. 

Just  one  more  and  then  we  must  stop.  Mrs.  Tsen  had  a severe  illness  and  needed 
hospital  treatment.  She  hesitated  long,  “because,”  she  said,  “I  have  been  told  that  the 
foreign  people  cut  out  the  hearts  and  the  eyes  of  the  Chinese,  so  it  is  not  safe  to  have 
anything  to  do  with  them.”  However,  she  decided  to  come  into  the  hospital  and  have 
her  operation.  After  she  went  back  home  she  did  much  to  overcome  prejudice  in  her 
village.  “I  am  an  example  of  the  love  which  these  Christian  people  have  for  the  Chinese,” 
she  was  wont  to  say. 

In  connection  with  our  medical  work  it  is  always  our  aim  to  have  a Nurses’  Training 
School.  During  a recent  trip  two  of  our  missionaries  reported  that  they  were  greatly 
impressed  everywhere  with  the  great  need  for  native  trained  workers.  So  many  cities 
without  any  foreign  missionaries,  without  any  churches,  without  any  Christian  schools, 
without  any  hospitals  or  doctors ! 

The  need  of  more  educated  women  is  especially  felt,  for  only  the  women  of  China 
can  solve  the  problem  of  meeting  the  needs  of  the  Chinese  women. 


Price  5 Cents. 


Woman’s  American  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  Society 
Publication  Dept.,  450  E.  30th  St.,  Chicago,  111. 


3500-4-26-16 


